Born from King Jeongjo's filial piety and grand political ambitions, Suwon Hwaseong Fortress is the pinnacle of 18th-century Joseon architecture. The greatest Silhak (Practical Learning) scholar of the time, Jeong Yak-yong, invented state-of-the-art scientific devices like the Geojunggi (crane) and Nokro (pulley) for its construction, drastically reducing the building time and costs. As a modern planned city equipped with both defensive and commercial functions, its architectural value is globally recognized.